Testing carried out in duplicate by a third-party ISO-17025 accredited food laboratory used bulk spinach obtained from a national organic retailer to inoculate with E. coli for testing. Spinach was sealed in separate bags with dual controls, and Ozonate was tested with and without solubilization. Bags were incubated for 24 hours and then samples were plated to determine the concentration of E. coli present (cfu/gram). Ozonate was able to decrease total plate count as well as E. coli to less than 1% of the spiked control, a >99% kill.